Santa Maria in Cosmedin: A Roman Sanctuary of History, Art, and Devotion

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, located in the heart of Rome in Piazza della Bocca della Verità, is a place steeped in history, art, and spirituality. A sanctuary that invites not only prayer and contemplation but also a fascinating exploration of the past.

From the Statio Annonae to the Greek Diaconia: The Origins

The origins of Santa Maria in Cosmedin date back to the 6th century when the ancient Statio Annonae, a building used for the distribution of grain, was transformed into a diaconia, a charitable institution for the assistance of the poor, under the name of Santa Maria in Schola Graeca. This name derived from the presence, in this area of Rome, of a large community of Byzantine officials of Greek origin, engaged in the administration of the empire. The Greek quarter expanded further with the arrival of refugees fleeing the iconoclastic persecutions ordered by Emperor Leo III the Isaurian in 730 AD.

The Sanctuary Expands: The Work of Adrian I

Around 795, Pope Adrian I undertook a significant expansion of the diaconia, adding two side aisles ending in apses. Inside the central nave, he had matronea built, raised galleries intended for women, according to the custom of Eastern basilicas. In the 9th century, Pope Nicholas I added a hospice for the reception of pilgrims and the needy.

Restorations and Transformations: From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

An important restoration was carried out in the 12th century by Pope Callixtus II, who opened an entrance portico and built the bell tower, both still visible today. The matroneum, however, was suppressed. In 1717, the underground crypt was reopened to the public. In 1899, further restorations returned the basilica to the appearance it had assumed under the pontificate of Gelasius II.

Treasures of Faith and Art: The Relics and the Icon of the Theotokos

The basilica houses precious testimonies of faith and art. An inscription recalls how Pope Gelasius II, in 1123, donated relics of saints to the basilica, including Saint Cyrilla and the martyrs Hilary and Coronatus. These relics are kept under the main altar, inside an ancient porphyry labrum.

Particularly venerated is the icon of the Mother of God Theotokos, dating back to the 13th century. Until 1896, it was located in the aedicule of the main apse and was attributed with numerous miracles. Today the icon is kept in the choir chapel and continues to be an object of great devotion. Tradition holds that the icon arrived in Rome during the iconoclastic persecutions in the East.

An Adventure in the Crypt: In Search of the Sacred

The underground crypt of Santa Maria in Cosmedin represents a true hidden treasure. A suggestive and history-rich environment, where one can admire remains of ancient Roman constructions and medieval frescoes. Exploring the crypt is an experience that invites reflection and discovery of the Christian roots of the city of Rome.
*Note*: Access to the crypt may be subject to restrictions or specific hours. It is advisable to inquire in advance.

Indulgences and Jurisdiction: A Sanctuary under the Protection of the Pope

In 1742, Pope Benedict XIV granted the basilica a plenary indulgence. The jurisdiction of the sanctuary belongs to the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. In 1513, Pope Leo X transformed the church into a collegiate church and parish.

The Echo of the Mouth of Truth: A Symbol of Rome

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is universally known for housing the Mouth of Truth, an ancient stone mask that, according to legend, was capable of unmasking liars. The Mouth of Truth attracts thousands of tourists every year who, defying superstition, place their hand inside the mask’s mouth.

Type of Ex-Votos

Goldsmithing objects